Distinctio 25 Distinction 25 De quibusdam liberi arbitrii conditionibus Conditions of free decision Divisio textus Division of the text Postquam determinavit de libero arbitrio, ostendendo quid sit, et consequenter de aliis potentiis animae, ut ostenderet in quibus liberum arbitrium poneretur; hic determinat quasdam liberi arbitrii conditiones, et dividitur in partes duas: After he has addressed free decision by showing what it is and, subsequently, has addressed the soul’s other powers to show in which of them free decision is included, here he addresses certain conditions of free decision. This is divided into two parts. in prima ostendit quorum sit liberum arbitrium ut objectorum; In the first, he shows what free decision’s objects are. in secunda, quorum sit ut subjectorum, ibi: et quidem secundum praedictam assignationem in his tantum videtur esse liberum arbitrium qui voluntatem mutare et in contraria possunt deflectere. In the second, he shows what its subjects are, at according to the above description, free decision appears to be only in those who can change their will and bend it to contrary things. Circa primum duo facit: Concerning the first, he does two things. primo ostendit quod liberum arbitrium se habet ad utrumque oppositorum; First, he shows that free decision is related to both of two opposites. secundo, quod est tantum futurorum contingentium, ibi: hoc autem sciendum est. Second, he shows that it only belongs to future contingents, at and this is to be known. Et quidem secundum praedictam assignationem dividitur haec pars in duas: According to the above description. This part is divided into two parts. in prima ostendit quorum sit liberum arbitrium quia Dei, angelorum et hominum; In the first, he shows those to whom free decision belongs, namely, God, angels, and men. in secunda, quomodo in hominibus diversimode invenitur secundum diversos status, ibi: ex praedictis perspicuum fit quod major fuit libertas arbitrii prima quam secunda. In the second, he shows how it is found in men in different ways according to different states, at from what has been said, it has become very clear that the first freedom of decision was greater than the second. Circa primum duo facit: Concerning the first, he does two things. primo inducit objectionem, quod liberum arbitrium non sit in Deo, nec in beatis; First, he introduces an objection, that free decision is not in God or in the blessed. secundo determinat veritatem, ibi: sed quod Deus liberum arbitrium habeat, Augustinus docet. Second, he settles on the truth, at but Augustine teaches that God has free decision. Et circa hoc duo facit: And concerning this he does two things. primo determinat quantum pertinet ad Deum; First, he addresses it as regards God. secundo quantum pertinet ad angelos, ibi: angeli vero et sancti . . . libero arbitrio non carent. Second, as regards the angels, at the angels and saints, however . . . do not lack free decision. Circa primum duo facit: Concerning the first, he does two things. primo ostendit quod liberum arbitrium est in Deo; First, he shows that there is free decision in God. secundo quod non eodem modo est in Deo sicut in aliis, ibi: sed aliter accipitur liberum arbitrium in Creatore quam in creaturis. Second, that it is not in God in the same way as it is in others, at but free decision is understood otherwise in the Creator than in the creature. Ex praedictis perspicuum fit quod major fuit libertas arbitrii prima quam secunda. Haec pars dividitur in duas: From what has been said, it has become very clear that the first freedom of decision was greater than the second. This part is divided into two parts. in prima ostendit quomodo secundum diversos status liberum arbitrium accrescit vel minuitur in hominibus: In the first, he shows how free decision increases or decreases in men according to different states. et quia hoc ratione diversarum libertatum contingit, ideo in secunda parte distinguit libertatem arbitrii, ibi: est namque libertas arbitrii triplex. And because this happens by reason of different freedoms, in the second part he makes a distinction about the freedom of the will, at indeed, freedom of decision is threefold. Circa primum tria facit: Concerning the first, he does three things. primo ostendit ex praedictis quod libertas arbitrii quandoque major, quandoque minor invenitur; First, he shows from the aforementioned that the freedom of decision is sometimes greater and sometimes less. secundo distinguit status hominis, secundum quod libertas variatur, ibi: et possunt notari in homine quattuor status liberi arbitrii; Second, he distinguishes the states of man in accord with which freedom is varied, at and four states of free decision can be noted in man. tertio inducit quoddam corollarium ex dictis, ibi: unde manifestum est quod praeter alias poenalitates pro peccato illo incurrit homo poenam in corruptione et depressione liberi arbitrii. Third, he introduces a corollary from what was said, at and so it is manifest that, in addition to other penalties, because of that sin man incurred a punishment in the corruption and suppression of free decision. Est namque libertas triplex; dividitur haec pars in duas: Indeed, freedom is threefold. This part is divided into two parts. in prima ostendit multiplicem arbitrii libertatem; In the first, he shows that freedom of decision is manifold. in secunda ostendit quae sit causa uniuscujusque, ibi: libertas autem a peccato et miseria per gratiam est. In the second, he shows what the cause of each kind is, at and so freedom from sin and from misery is through grace. Prima dividitur in duas: The first part is divided into two parts. in prima ponit libertatis distinctionem; In the first, he lays out a distinction regarding freedom. in secunda inducit quamdam conclusionem ex praedictis, ibi: ex praedictis jam apparet in quo per peccatum sit imminutum vel corruptum arbitrium. In the second, he draws a conclusion from what was said before, at from the above, it is already apparent what it was in which free decision was diminished or corrupted through sin. Circa primum tria facit: Concerning the first, he does three things. primo distinguit triplicem libertatem, et prosequitur de primo membro, quod est libertas a coactione; First, he distinguishes three kinds of freedom and continues with the first one, which is freedom from compulsion.